Microbial Solutions for Sustainable Environmental Restoration

Abstract

There has been a surge in pollution of many types due to the release of harmful compounds into the environment, resulting from the acceleration of industry and urbanization. Usually, this is the result of the mining business (such as cyanide and sulphuric acid), the building industry (such as cement and metals), the manufacturing sector (such as detergent and dye), and the agriculture sector (such as fertilizers and pesticides). Certain toxins have a detrimental effect on the health of people, animals, and plants. Furthermore, they lead to the eradication of the microbial population in both aquatic and terrestrial settings, compelling remediation. Bioremediation has gained popularity over chemical and physical methods due to their inherent flaws and challenges in environmental restoration. Bioremediation is the use of biological agents, such as plants and microbes, to reduce or eliminate the effects of environmental toxins. Because they may be easily manipulated and grow quickly, microbes are used more frequently than other types of agents for bioremediation. Various fungal, bacterial, and algal communities have been employed to eradicate a range of environmental pollutants. The review examines microbial bioremediation types, procedures, and influencing factors, and suggests initiatives to promote bacteria as effective remediation agents.