Mathematical Cryptography: From Ancient to Modern Techniques

Abstract

This review article delves into the evolution and significance of cryptography, retracing its applications from the ancient times to the digital era. It emphasises the pivotal role of the mathematics in the development of the cryptographic techniques. To show the real-world applicability of classical cryptographic methods, the existing Shift Cipher has been utilised to encrypt and decrypt an Excel document containing data using Python code implementation for practical data security applications.