Bioaccumulation and Bioremediation of Arsenic in Fish: A Review

Abstract

Arsenic contamination in aquatic ecosystems poses significant risks to fish health, aquatic biodiversity and human consumers through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. This review comprehensively examines the mechanisms by which arsenic accumulates in various fish tissues, the toxicological impacts on fish physiology and behaviour and the current analytical methods employed for arsenic detection and speciation. Moreover, the paper highlights emerging bioremediation strategies utilizing microbes, plants and innovative technologies to mitigate arsenic toxicity and reduce its bioaccumulation in fish. The review emphasizes the ecological and human health implications of arsenic contamination, discusses regulatory standards and identifies critical research gaps. The objective is to provide a consolidated understanding of arsenic bioaccumulation dynamics and effective bioremediation approaches to inform sustainable management of contaminated aquatic environments. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated remediation techniques and stricter monitoring to protect aquatic life and public health.