Groundwater Contamination through Major Ions and Their Probable Effects on Human Health in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

All living things require water to maintain their life and carry out their metabolic functions. The quality of groundwater degrades as a result of unethical human involvement in natural systems and excessive groundwater resource use. Since groundwater is routinely used both directly for drinking and for other purposes, it is necessary to examine its quality. The hydrochemistry of the groundwater in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, was examined to assess its appropriateness for irrigation and drinking, as well as any potential effects on locals' health. Twenty-three groundwater samples were taken from submersible and hand pumps, and their physical and chemical characteristics, including electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl+2, HCO3-, CO32-,and SO42-, were measured. The groundwater's ionic concentrations fluctuate geographically and momentarily, and the water is alkaline. Higher values of particular characteristics at specified places signify groundwater pollution, rendering it unfit for use in various applications.