Geology and Sedimentation History of Bijawar Area Chhatarpur- Sagar Districts , Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

This research paper includes, detail field study was carried out and geol ogical data has been collected from the study area. Initially reconnaissance survey was taken for further study of the area. To understand Geology of the area on the basis of lithological interpretation and criteria for rock mat erial were found or exposed. Regional scale sampling has been carried out for Geological survey of various litho units in the study area and understands the Geology, Sedimentary history of Bijawar type area has been carried out with the help of Survey of India Toposheet and geologica l map of study area. The Bijawar basin is sandwiched between Bundelkhand granite and Vindhyan sediments. Based on field data, the rocks of Bijawar Group comprises namely Moli sub -group and Gangau sub-group (Kumar et.al.1986, 1990). Bijawar sedimentation a ppeared in small erosional depressions of primordial Bundelkhand Complex Craton. In such small depressions, the lower formations of the group were probably deposited by littoral currents in stable shelf type of environment. The nature of arenaceou s unit of Raidaspura member indicates a change of high to low energy environments. The quartz - arenites was probably formed in the shallow depositional condition with repeated sub -aerial exposures as evidenced by the presence of mud cracks. The palaeo current direct ion as noted in the sandstone units were towards NE. Deposition of dolomite might indicate change in climatic condition during that time. Intermittent volcanic activity resulted in the form of lava flow of Kawar Formation, agglomerate of Raidaspura member and the Dargawan Intrusive Formation. During this time, Bijawar basin gradually shifted to the west and at the close of the deposition of Bajna Formation. T he dolomites of Bajna dolomite Formation was found to be associated with sandy arenaceous layers interbedded with precipitated cherty dolomite signifies a rather change of depositional environment. The clastic units (calcareous coarse grained sandstone) exhibiting cross stratifications and ripple mark again signifies a shallow  water deposition in contras t to the chert -dolomite beds. Increase of chert beds in dolomite towards the lower part i.e. towards the contact with the Malehra Chert Brecci a Formation indicates that the change in chemical conditions suitable for precipitation of silica to carbonate was gradual. It seemed to be somewhat fluctuating during the Malehra Chert Breccia Formation and Bajna Dolomite Formation.