Impact of a Structured Recovery Regimen on Physiological Outcomes in Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Patients at a Selected Hospital -

Abstract

Background:-The common surgical procedure encountered is Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) for various indications such as left main coronary artery stenosis, severe triple-vessel disease, and angina refractory to medical therapy. Other surgical procedures include valve repair or replacements, repair of congenital or acquired defects (ASD, VSD, etc.), and repair or replacement of the aortic root. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) was first performed in India in 1975 about 13 years after its advent in 1962. In mid-1990, some 10,000 CABG surgeries were being performed annually in India. Presently the annual number is about 60000 according to industry sources.

Material and Method: A quasi-experimental, one-group pre-test & post-test research design study was to assess the physiological variables among postoperative cardiac surgery patients. To assess the effect of recovery regimen on physiological variables among postoperative cardiac surgery patients. To find out the association between the effect of recovery regimen on physiological variables among postoperative cardiac surgery patients with their socio-demographic variables. The sampling technique used for this study was a nonprobability purposive sampling technique. The sample size for the present study was 40 postoperative cardiac surgery patients. The data was analyzed by Descriptive and Inferential statistics.

Result: The present study findings revealed amongst 40 postoperative cardiac surgery patients, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed to determine associations with the effectiveness of a recovery regimen on physiological outcomes. The sample primarily consisted of older adults (70% aged 55–75), predominantly female (67.5%), married (80%), Hindu (67.5%), and employed in farming, business, or other roles (30% each). Most participants (57.5%) had no history of smoking, alcohol, or drug use, and 72.5% followed a non-vegetarian diet. A high proportion (85%) were diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Pre-test scores showed 80% of patients in the poor category, with significant improvement post-test, where 85% achieved average scores and 10% reached good scores. Paired t-test analysis indicated a significant increase in mean scores from pre-test (mean=2.05) to post-test (mean=3.5) with a t-value of 10.842 and a p-value <0.0001, demonstrating the regimen's effectiveness in improving recovery. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant association between age and regimen effectiveness (p=0.001), while other variables such as gender, religion, health habits, diet, diagnosis, and surgery type showed no significant associations. These findings suggest that the recovery regimen effectively enhanced physiological outcomes, particularly among older patients, with minimal influence from other demographic factors.