From Perpetual Peace of Immanuel Kant to Perpetual Conflict: A Critical Analysis

Abstract

This article critically analyses Immanuel Kant's seminal essay, "Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch," in the context of modern international relations. Written during the Enlightenment era, Kant's essay responded to his time's political and philosophical debates, arguing that perpetual peace is a moral and political necessity achievable through international cooperation, republican governance, and cosmopolitan law. Kant's six preliminary articles for perpetual peace, outlined in his essay, have influenced modern international relations. However, the persistence of global conflicts has exposed the limitations and shortcomings of Kant's philosophical framework. This article aims to contextualise Kant's ideas within the complexities of modern international relations, acknowledging both their contributions and limitations in promoting perpetual peace. By critically examining Kant's philosophical framework, this article seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities for achieving perpetual peace in the modern era.