Quantum Computing and Its Implications for Cryptography: Assessing the Security and Efficiency of Quantum Algorithms

Abstract

Quantum computing is a new type of computing that is revolutionizing the kind of computational power at people’s disposal, including their cryptography applications. This paper aims at presenting a study of significance of quantum computing in different cryptographic techniques, particularly in Shor’s Algorithm, Grover’s Algorithm, QKD, and NTRUEncrypt. With the help of existing literature, our paper shows that Shor’s Algorithm helps to achieve exponential speed up in integer factorisation, that contributes to less time required to factorise an integer like 15. 23 seconds to 0. This reduces the time for a problem solution to 05 seconds as compared to classical methods. Grover’s Algorithm enhances search operations outcomes by a quadratic rate, and the time spent to search 256-element database is reduced from 1. 68 seconds to 0. 45 seconds. QKD protocols proved key distribution and a range of a setup time of 5. 00 seconds for a 128-bit key and key generation rates exceeding 1. 2 kbps. To this end they related NTRUEncrypt, a post-quantum cryptographic algorithm, which demonstrated encryption times of 0. A favourable response time concerns 30 seconds for a 128-bit key and 0. 55 seconds when encrypting a 256-bit key and is highly secure. This study calls for the use of new approaches to middle cryptographic threats and show how secure and efficient cryptographic systems can be maintained in the post-quantum world.