Beyond the Degree: Exploring Overqualification and Employee Engagement among Indian Government Employees

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of overqualification among the government employees of Jammu, utilizing primary data collected in the Jammu District between October 2022 and June 2023. Through a mixed-method approach that integrates both qualitative and quantitative data. The sample includes clerical employees, Class IV employees, and police constables, selected through purposive sampling across four tehsils and a variety of institutions such as government colleges, the University of Jammu, SKUAST-Jammu, and the Civil Secretariat. Quantitative findings reveal that 60.22% of respondents hold educational qualifications beyond those required for their roles, while 39.78% meet the adequate qualification level. Qualitative analysis of 24 in-depth interviews highlights the personal impacts of qualification mismatch, including decreased job satisfaction, disengagement, and various coping mechanisms like continued education and career compromises. The findings underscore that overqualification in the region is driven by economic pressures, high unemployment, and limited job opportunities, leading to emotional strain and dissatisfaction. The study emphasizes an urgent need for policy interventions such as skill alignment programs, career counselling, and job creation initiatives to enhance job satisfaction and fully utilize the talent within the region. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of overqualification in the labour market, offering actionable recommendations to alleviate its adverse effects on employee well-being and productivity.