Exploring the Intersectionality of Caste, Class, and Gender: Understanding the Socio-Economic Empowerment of Married Women in Chennai's Urban Slums

Abstract

The study explores the intersectionality of caste, class, and gender in relation to the socio-economic empowerment of married women in Chennai's urban slums. Despite India’s strides toward gender equality, the socio-economic empowerment of marginalized women remains an on-going challenge, particularly in urban slum areas where caste and class inequalities persist. This research delves into how these intersecting identities influence married women’s access to education, employment, and healthcare, alongside their overall sense of agency and decision-making power within their households and communities.

The study works a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of married women in Chennai’s urban slums. Through this methodology, the research captures the nuances of how caste and class structures intersect to shape these women’s socio-economic realities. Quantitative data from a sample size of 300 women provides insight into education levels, employment rates, household income, and access to healthcare, while qualitative interviews with a subset of participants illuminate the personal narratives and challenges faced due to caste and class-based discrimination. Preliminary findings indicate that caste continues to play a significant role in limiting economic opportunities and social mobility, with lower-caste women experiencing greater barriers compared to their higher-caste counterparts. Additionally, class disparities further compound these issues, as limited financial resources restrict access to education and healthcare services. Gender norms and expectations within these communities often confine married women to domestic roles, thus hindering their economic participation and independence. The study aims to shed light on the specific obstacles to socio-economic empowerment faced by married women in Chennai’s urban slums. The findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of the intersectionality of caste, class, and gender, ultimately providing policy recommendations for targeted interventions that can enhance the socio-economic standing and agency of marginalized women in urban slum areas.