Electoral Freebies And Public Policy: Balancing Welfare Initiatives And Economic Sustainability In India.

Abstract

This paper examines the implications of electoral freebies for public policy and economic sustainability in India. The research uses a mixed methods approach that includes both qualitative and quantitative analysis to examine the impact of welfare programs on fiscal deficits and economic growth in selected states of Telangana, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh. Surveys, structured interviews with policymakers and economists, and focus group discussions were used to collect primary data, and secondary data were obtained from government reports, academic journals, and statistical databases. The results show a strong positive correlation between electoral freebies and fiscal deficits, indicating that spending on welfare programs tends to be accompanied by lower economic growth rates. The study shows the consequences of government support dependency and its demand for balanced welfare policies, which complement each other — guaranteeing financial sustainability and social needs. The results highlight the need for strategic policy formulation that not only provides immediate relief but also helps India achieve long-term economic independence in its complex socio-economic landscape. The research makes a case for targeted welfare schemes that do not reduce fiscal health while still promoting economic growth.