Environmental assessment of natural rangelands and their management potential in Iraq

Abstract

The lands of the world covered with grass or fodder crops that are used to feed the animal in any way of feeding without exploiting that land in the cultivation of other crops for humans because the cultivation of this land with field crops requires soil service operations to be prepared for cultivation and that such a process leads to the gradual eradication of natural plants, pasture grasses and grasses growing in that land. Rangelands are the main source of the necessary fodder resources for livestock, which in turn convert unpalatable materials by man into animal products of high nutritional value with their amino acids necessary for the human body. These rangelands may be cultivated fields or lands covered with mostly green plants belonging to the falconry and legumes and used in grazing animals or feeding them in any of the different feeding methods. It is known that each pasture has an energy called the pasture load, which is the ability of the pasture to support the largest number of animals so that we get the largest animal yield without damage or degradation of the pasture's plants or soil. The United Nations at the Desertification Conference has developed critical numbers to identify the extent of animal pressure on the land. These numbers are an animal unit (29) per five hectares in dry areas and an animal unit per hectare in semi-arid areas. Otherwise, the pasture and its soil will be degraded , and the load of the pasture is affected by many factors