Characterization of Titanium Micro Screws Using Hafnium Oxide Nanoparticles and In Vitro Evaluation of Their Osteogenic Potential Using the MG-63 Osteoblast Cell Line

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the osteogenic activity of hafnium oxide-coated titanium micro screws using the MG-63 osteoblast cell line in an in vitro environment. The focus is on assessing cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and the impact of hafnium coating on implant integration.

Materials & Methods: The study utilized titanium micro screws as the control group and hafnium oxide-coated titanium micro screws as the test group. MG-63 osteoblast cells were cultured in both groups to assess cell viability and proliferation using MTT assays, and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated through qPCR gene expression, focusing on markers such as BMP-2, ALP, and Runx2.

Results: Hafnium-coated titanium micro screws demonstrated higher levels of osteogenic markers, including BMP-2, ALP, and Runx2, compared to uncoated screws. Both groups exhibited similar biocompatibility using the MTT assay, with no cytotoxic effects on the osteoblast cells. However, the hafnium coating significantly enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation, suggesting improved osteogenic potential.

Conclusion: Hafnium oxide-coated titanium micro screws significantly improve osteogenic activity in vitro, showing potential for enhanced osseointegration in clinical applications. The results indicate that the hafnium coating enhances osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, making it a promising material for orthopedic and dental implants.