Socio-demographic Characteristics, Production and Management Practices, and Economic Utility of the Sinirangan Native Pig (Sus scrofa L.)

Abstract

Sinirangan native pig (SNP) is an indigenous livestock breed that plays an important role in the livelihoods and cultural traditions of rural communities in Eastern Samar, Philippines. However, studies on the socio-demographic profile, production management practices, and economic utility of the Sinirangan native pig are limited. This study aimed to determine the profile of SNP raisers, evaluate their production and breeding practices, and understand the economic importance of this local swine breed. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data from 23 SNP raisers in Eastern Samar. The findings reveal an aging demographic, with majority of raisers being middle-aged (21.74%) and elderly (34.78%), and limited participation from younger individuals, which raises about SDG8 (Decent work and economic growth) and the long-term sustainability of SNP industry. Relatives and friends provided the primary source of initial knowledge on SNP raising, and a significant proportion of raisers had not attended any formal training or seminars. The production practices showed suboptimal health management, with low vaccination rates and reliance on commercial/synthetic dewormers indicating a need for improved SDG2 (Zero hunger) practices. Raisers also faced high feed costs and limited technical knowledge that hinders SDG12 (Responsible consumption and production). Breeding practices were predominantly traditional, with lack of systematic record-keeping and limited use of selective breeding approaches. Furthermore, marketing of SNPs was primarily through middlemen, with lechon as the main product, thereby highlighting the niche demand for this local delicacy. However, findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to address the identified gaps and support the long-term sustainability and development of the Sinirangan native pig industry. Recommendations include knowledge dissemination, technology adoption, herd management improvements, and market diversification strategies to empower SNP raisers and ensure the conservation of this valuable genetic resource.