Exploring the Socio-Technical Factors Influencing Organizational Effectiveness in Contemporary Organizations: A Case Study of Information Technology Firms in India

Abstract

The rapid technological advancements of the past decade have significantly impacted organizational structures, leading to the evolution of socio-technical systems (STS) within businesses. This paper explores the interrelationship between technological innovations, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and big data, and their social implications within organizational settings. Drawing on the contingency theory of organizations and socio-technical systems theory, the paper investigates how organizations adapt to these disruptive technologies and integrate both technical and social subsystems for effective transformation. While earlier models emphasized the need for balancing social and technical components, recent discussions on sociomateriality theory argue that technology and social systems are inherently intertwined. This study employs a mixed-method research design to examine the social and technological factors influencing organizational effectiveness, particularly in Indian Information Technology (IT) organizations. Phase I of the study, qualitative in nature, identifies key socio-technical factors through personal interviews and analysis using NVivo. In Phase II, a quantitative approach is adopted to assess the impact of these factors on organizational effectiveness, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. The findings highlight the critical role of technology in shaping organizational performance and offer insights into how socio-technical interactions can be leveraged to foster organizational success in the digital age.