Improving Cattle Transport Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Design, Welfare, and Technology

Abstract

This paper reviews data from governmental reports, research studies, and practical observations, particularly focusing on stressors that cattle experience during transport. By analyzing designs from developed countries and comparing them to Indian practices, this study emphasizes the importance of localized solutions. The goal is to bridge the gap between international standards and Indian requirements, ensuring both productivity and welfare improvements in cattle transportation.

This paper reviews the challenges, gaps, and existing practices in cattle transportation with a focus on Indian scenarios. Despite significant contributions to the global cattle population, India faces severe welfare and logistical issues due to outdated and unsafe transportation facilities. By analyzing current technologies, practices, and governmental guidelines, this study identifies key stressors such as overcrowding, insufficient ventilation, and lack of proper handling facilities. The paper also reviews international practices, available technologies, and design guidelines to propose actionable insights and highlight gaps in implementing safe and humane cattle transport systems.