Destroyed Amphitheaters of Asia Minor

Abstract

 Asia Minor today encompasses the borders of Anatolia. In the region, many cities from the Hellenistic Period had theater or stadium structures. Adaptations were made to these structures during the Roman Period to accommodate the bloodthirsty performances typical of the era. Amphitheaters were a unique architectural design of the Roman Empire. Despite the spread of Roman urban planning in Asia Minor, the number of amphitheaters that have survived to the present day is fewer compared to the West. The primary reason for this is the insufficient archaeological research conducted in this region. Additionally, due to the transformation of Hellenistic theaters, there might have been a decreased demand for the construction of new amphitheaters. Amphitheaters have not survived well due to various factors, including the influence of Christianity, natural disasters, climatic conditions, the use of building materials, and human destruction. The earliest known amphitheater in Asia Minor was situated in Antioch on the Orontes and was demolished due to the influence of Christianity. The Kyzikos Amphitheater is the largest amphitheater in Asia Minor. However, due to human activity and earthquakes, only the supporting pillars are visible today. Although the Pergamon Amphitheater was subjected to human destruction and abandoned due to climatic conditions, parts of its vaults have survived to this day. The Anazarbos Amphitheater was also dismantled for building materials. Despite significant damage, two supporting pillars and the plan of the structure can still be clearly seen on the site. Recent studies on the Mastaura Amphitheater have increased significantly. The vegetation covering the structure has both preserved and damaged it. It is currently the best-preserved amphitheater in Asia Minor. Five amphitheaters have been identified in this region, but this number could increase to six with further research in Zeugma.