Employing paradoxical leadership behaviors to enhance sustainable organizational performance

Abstract

Abstract :  The  study aims to explore the role of paradoxical leadership behaviors  (treating subordinates uniformly while allowing for individual considerations, combining self-concern with concern for others, retaining decision-making authority while granting independence, imposing and enforcing work requirements while allowing flexibility, and Maintaining both distance and closeness.) in enhancing sustainable organizational performance (environmental performance, economic performance, and social performance).

     The study used the questionnaire as a tool to collect data from (133) department heads and(218) teaching staff working in a number of private colleges in the Middle Euphrates region in Iraq . It also used a number of statistical methods including, (confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, arithmetic mean,  standard deviation, structural equation modeling, Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze obtained data with the help of  (Smart PLS). The study concluded that  paradoxical leadership behaviors have a positive effect on  sustainable  organizational performance