Determinants Of Antenatal Care Utilization In Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal

Abstract

Maternal health remains a important health priority in Nepal, where antenatal care (ANC) is essential in ensuring safe pregnancy results. However, there are an excessive amount of regional differences regarding ANC utilization, particularly in the socio-geographically disadvantaged Sudurpashchim Province. The objectives of this study are to examine the demographic and socio-economic factors influencing ANC utilization among women in Sudurpashchim Province.

Using NDHS 2022 data, this cross-sectional study investigated women aged 15-49 years who had at least one live birth within 5 years prior to the survey. Samples for Sudurpashchim were chosen using stratified random sampling. The study employed a combination of descriptive statistics and logistic regression to identify associations between ANC utilization and variables, such as age, education, birth order, wealth status, caste/ethnicity, and residence type. ANC service utilization was the primary result variable, and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI were calculated for determining significant predictors.

ANC utilization was highest among women aged 20-24 years (44.3%) and 25-29 years (30.6%) while lowest for younger or older women. ANC service uptake was higher among women with basic education (64.2%) than women without education. First-time mothers and women in upper wealth brackets also had a higher uptake of ANC services. Logistic regression found that being 20-29 years, having basic education, residing in a rural area, being in the middle or richer wealth quintiles, all significantly associated with ANC utilization. Higher birth orders (three or more) were inversely associated with ANC service utilization. Caste and religion were not significant predictors.

In Sudurpashchim, factors influencing ANC utilization follow the line of age, education, birth order, residence, and wealth. Younger, educated, and wealthier women are more likely to utilize the service. Policy efforts should target maternal health awareness among multiparous and less-educated women, while access should be improved among economically and socially marginalized groups through targeted and inclusive outreach strategies.